Map Of Dzhergalan
When it comes to exploring the ancient world, there's nothing quite like studying a basic chronology. Luckily, Humanities 110 at Reed College has put together an informative map that does just that.
Starting with the beginning of human civilization in 4000 BCE and spanning all the way to the fall of Rome in 476 CE, this map highlights key events and accomplishments from around the globe.
One of the first major civilizations to emerge was that of ancient Sumer in Mesopotamia, around 4000 BCE. They developed a form of writing, built massive ziggurats, and created a complex system of government and religion.
In Egypt, the pharaohs ruled over a highly advanced society that is still awe-inspiring today. From the construction of the pyramids to the design of their intricate headdresses, the ancient Egyptians were true innovators.
The Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day India and Pakistan also flourished around this time, with impressive cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro showcasing sophisticated architecture and urban planning.
Moving forward in time, we see the rise of Greece and Rome, two of the most influential civilizations in Western history. The Greeks were known for their art, philosophy, and military prowess, while the Romans built an empire that spanned much of Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Throughout the ancient world, people were developing new technologies, exploring new territories, and exchanging ideas and goods with one another. It's fascinating to see how these early civilizations laid the groundwork for the world we know today.
Demographics and Culture
Of course, when we talk about ancient civilizations, it's important to consider the people who made them up. Each of these societies had their own unique demographics and cultural practices.
For example, ancient Sumer was home to several city-states that were often at war with one another. Each city had its own god or goddess that they worshiped, and they believed in an afterlife that was quite different from the concept of heaven or hell. The scribes who kept records for the kings were highly respected, and women had more rights than in some later societies.
In contrast, ancient Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh who was believed to be divine. The religion was highly hierarchical and the afterlife was thought to be a continuation of one's earthly existence. The pyramids were built to house the bodies of the pharaohs, along with all the treasures they needed in the afterlife.
As for Greece and Rome, these societies were much more secular in nature. Citizens were classified into various classes and were involved in government to varying degrees. Religion played a role, but was not the central focus. Art and architecture were highly valued, and the Greeks in particular were known for their philosophy and intellectual pursuits.
Tourist Destinations
If you're interested in visiting some of the sites associated with these ancient civilizations, there are plenty of options to choose from.
For example, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt are one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, and a must-see for anyone interested in ancient Egypt. In Greece, you could visit the Acropolis in Athens, which includes the Parthenon and several other impressive temples. Rome is home to the Colosseum, the Forum, and many other famous landmarks.
If you're interested in ancient ruins outside of Europe and the Middle East, you might consider visiting Machu Picchu in Peru, the Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia, or the Great Wall of China.
Shopping and Culinary
Of course, no trip is complete without sampling the local cuisine and doing a bit of shopping. When it comes to the ancient world, you might have to get a little creative.
If you're traveling in Egypt, be sure to try koshari, a hearty mix of rice, lentils, and pasta that is a staple of the Egyptian diet. Bread is also a key part of the Egyptian culinary tradition, and you'll find plenty of bakeries selling fresh pita and other types of flatbread.
In Greece, you'll want to try gyros, a savory meat dish served in a pita with tomatoes, onions, and tzatziki sauce. You'll also find plenty of seafood dishes, as well as an array of appetizers like spanakopita (spinach pie) and dolmades (stuffed grape leaves).
Italy, of course, is known for its pasta and pizza, but did you know that the ancient Romans also ate a lot of porridge? And in China, you'll find a wide range of foods to try, from dumplings to Peking duck.
When it comes to shopping, you might consider buying souvenirs like replicas of ancient artifacts or books about the history of the region. You could also look for locally-made textiles, pottery, or other crafts.
Tips
If you're interested in exploring the ancient world, here are a few tips to keep in mind:
- Check the weather: Many of these sites can be quite hot or cold depending on the time of year, so be sure to dress accordingly.
- Bring comfortable shoes: Many ancient ruins involve a lot of walking or climbing, so you'll want to have shoes that can keep up.
- Read up before you go: It's always helpful to have a bit of background knowledge before you visit, so consider reading a few books or articles about the ancient civilization you're interested in.
- Respect local customs: When traveling in foreign countries, it's important to be sensitive to local customs and beliefs. Research the cultural norms before you go.
FAQ
Finally, here are a few frequently asked questions about exploring the ancient world:
- Is it safe to travel to these areas?
- While some parts of the world are more volatile than others, many ancient ruins are located in relatively stable areas. It's always a good idea to check with your government's travel advisory website before making any plans.
- How much time should I plan for my trip?
- It really depends on how many sites you want to visit and how much time you have. Some travelers spend weeks or months exploring the ancient world, while others only have a few days. Try to prioritize the sites that interest you most.
- Can I bring my children?
- Many ancient ruins are family-friendly, but some may have steep drops or other hazards that could be dangerous for young children. Check the website of the site you plan to visit for more information.
Exploring the ancient world is a truly exhilarating experience, and one that can teach us a lot about our shared human history. Whether you're interested in architecture, art, religion, or politics, there's something for everyone in the ancient world.